junior science refresher

pratiyogita darpan hindi magazine subscription Published this article page no 115 Conflict between resources People need access to food and also need access to energy especially clean energy. Population growth which will require all these resources and mandate production of more food with less energy. Key insights from the workshop Role of agriculture It is the deciding factor in the energywateragriculture nexus. o By giving free power the agriculture distress will be passed on to next generations because of the over extraction of the ground water. o Adopting modern techniques like drip and sprinkler irrigation systems can help significantly in conserving water in irrigation. o Incentives at community level will also have impact on ground water saving. o To achieve crop diversification it is critical that farmers are linked with right markets. Gridconnected solar irrigation for agriculture and rural electricity supply holds immense potential to achieve the trifecta of saving water doubling farmer income and saving electricity. o It could lead to increase in groundwater extraction especially in the areas where groundwater is shallow such as in eastern Uttar Pradesh and parts of Bihar Assam and West Bengal. Involving ground level functionaries such as state agriculture universities as they are more familiar with ground level conditions challenges and solutions pratiyogita darpan hindi magazine subscription buy.

pratiyogita darpan hindi magazine subscription

pratiyogita darpan hindi magazine subscription Published this article page no 114 The suboptimal use of water and energy in agriculture has not contributed to any significant increase in agricultural production but has seriously hit the industrial and other sectors of the economy in terms of the availability of these resources and their resultant economic output. This points towards the need of examining the waterenergyagriculture nexus. However advancements in technology and falling prices particularly of solar panels have opened enormous opportunities of not only shifting the nexus into a virtuous cycle but also transforming rural livelihoods. India can also increase farm incomes making agriculture climate resilient and reducing agrodependence of rural India by using this nexus virtuously. Lighthouse India is an initiative of the World Bank Group to support systematic efforts to create and curate knowledge and knowhow generated within India and disseminate it across the country as well as to the outside world. Other Similar Initiatives Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects The scheme envisages setting up at least 25 Solar Parks and Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects each with a capacity of 500 to 1000 MW targeting over 20000 MW of solar power installed capacity within a span of 5 years starting from 201415. Green Energy Corridor The project aims at evacuation of renewable energy from generation points to the load centres by creating intrastate and interstate transmission infrastructure. 51 Challenges from this nexus Conflict between hunger and resource exploitation On one hand increased agricultural production is needed to end hunger and malnourishment. On the other hand resources like water are limited and also face contamination due to agricultural runoffs pratiyogita darpan hindi magazine subscription buy.

Tuesday, June 28, 2022

drishti ias current affairs magazines

drishti ias current affairs magazines Published this article page no 70 Both Voyager spacecraft are rushing away from Earth and into interstellar space. Yet for a portion of every year both spacecrafts distances to Earth decrease. Why is it so? The answer is that for a few months each year Earth in its orbit moves toward the spacecraft faster than theyre moving away. Earths motion around the sun is faster than the motion of the Voyager spacecraft. Earth moves through space at a speed of 67000 miles per hour (30 kms). Voyager 1 moves at a speed of 38210 miles per hour (17 kms). Voyager 2 moves at a speed of 35000 miles per hour (15 kms). So for a portion of the year Earth comes around the side of the sun and is speeding toward the spacecraft faster than theyre moving away. Therefore their distances to Earth are getting closer if only temporarily. They never change their outward motion. It is we who change. Watch this video for reference. About Voyager mission Launched in the 1970s and the probes sent by NASA were only meant to explore the outer planets – but they just kept on going. Voyager 1 departed Earth on 5 September 1977 a few days after Voyager 2 and left our solar system in 2013. The mission objective of the Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM) is to extend the NASA exploration of the solar system beyond the neighborhood of the outer planets to the outer limits of the Suns sphere of influence and possibly beyond. The Voyager spacecraft are the third and fourth human spacecraft to fly beyond all the planets in our solar system. Pioneers 10 and 11 preceded Voyager in outstripping the gravitational attraction of the Sun but on February 17 1998 Voyager 1 passed Pioneer 10 to become the most distant humanmade object in space. Accomplishments so far Voyager 2 is the only probe ever to study Neptune and Uranus during planetary flybys. It is the second manmade object to leave our planet. Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have visited all four gas giant planets — Jupiter Saturn Uranus and Neptune — and discovered 16 moons as well as phenomena like Neptunes mysteriously transient Great Dark Spot the cracks in Europas ice shell and ring features at every planet. What is Interstellar space? Scientists use the heliopause to mark where interstellar space begins although depending on how you define our solar system it can stretch all the way to the Oort Cloud which begins 1000 times farther away from the sun than Earths orbit. The Heliosphere The heliosphere is a bubble around the sun created by the outward flow of the solar wind from the sun and the opposing inward flow of the interstellar wind. That heliosphere is the region influenced by the dynamic properties of the sun that are carried in the solar wind–such as magnetic fields energetic particles and solar wind plasma. The heliopause marks the end of the heliosphere and the beginning of interstellar space drishti ias current affairs magazines buy.

drishti ias current affairs magazines

drishti ias current affairs magazines Published this article page no 67 India has two operational launchers Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). PSLV was developed to launch lowEarth Orbit satellites into polar and sun synchronous orbits. It has since proved its versatility by launching geosynchronous lunar and interplanetary spacecraft successfully. On the other hand GSLV was developed to launch the heavier INSAT class of geosynchronous satellites into orbit. In its third and final stage GSLV uses the indigenously developed cryogenic upper stage. Different orbits 1. Geostationary orbit (GEO) 2. Low Earth orbit (LEO) 3. Medium Earth orbit (MEO) 4. Polar orbit and Sunsynchronous orbit (SSO) 5. Transfer orbits and geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) 6. Lagrange points (Lpoints) For details refer this. Did you know that the Department of Space had also set up a separate commercial arm – New Space India Limited (NSIL) – for commercial tieups with the global space market and manage technology from drishti ias current affairs magazines buy.

drishti ias current affairs magazines

drishti ias current affairs magazines Published this article page no 69 The European Space Agencys ExoMars 2022 mission has been delayed after the agency suspended all cooperation with Russias space program Roscosmos. About ExoMars It was a joint endeavour between ESA and the Russian space agency Roscosmos. The primary goal of the ExoMars programme is to address the question of whether life has ever existed on Mars. Components of the mission The programme comprises two missions. The first launched in March 2016 and consists of the Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) and Schiaparelli an entry descent and landing demonstrator module. TGOs main objectives are to search for evidence of methane and other trace atmospheric gases that could be signatures of active biological or geological processes. The Schiaparelli probe crashed during its attempt to land on Mars. The second comprising a rover and surface platform is planned for 2022. Together they will address the question of whether life has ever existed on Mars. Objective The primary aim of the mission is to check if there has ever been life on Mars and also understand the history of water on the planet. The main goal is to land ESAs rover at a site which has highpotential for finding wellpreserved organic material particularly from the history of the planet. Other Mars Missions 1. NASAs Perseverance Rover. 2. UAEs Hope Mars Mission (UAEs firstever interplanetary mission). 3. Indias Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) or Mangalyaan. 4. Tianwen1 Chinas Mars Mission. Insta Curious Did you know that ESA and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) were the original ExoMars collaborators but NASA dropped out in 2012 due to budgeting problems? Russia took NASAs place in the project in 2013 drishti ias current affairs magazines buy.

Thursday, June 23, 2022

world focus magazine subscription

world focus magazine subscription Published this article page no 12 Defence cooperation Apart from annual exercises (like KAZIND with Kazakhstan) joint manufacturing especially in the defence sector is highly required. Defence cooperation should be institutionalised through mechanisms like setting up a Joint Working Group on defence related activities. An IndiaCentral Asia Defence Expo could be organised.Capacity Building India can strengthen its outreach in Central Asia by providing assistance in augmenting the Social Capital through programs like the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) Programme and the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR). MEA should prepare a proper database of former students trainees of these programs. 17 Connectivity efforts by IndiaInternational NorthSouth Transport Corridor (INSTC) agreement in 2000 also offers connectivity between India and Central Asia through Iran.India has also explored the possibility of connecting with Central Asia via Irans Chabahar port and thereafter overland corridors passing through Afghanistan.To facilitate transport of goods between India and Central Asia via Iran India acceded to the Customs Convention on International Transport of Goods under cover of TIR Carnets in 2017 and joined the Ashgabat Agreement which includes Iran Oman Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in 2018. o Under High Impact Community Development Projects (HICDP) India provides Grant assistance for furthering socioeconomic development. o Indias rich experience in managing the localselfgovernment can also be helpful to Central Asian countries where mahalla culture (local selfgovernment) is widely prevalent world focus magazine subscription buy.

world focus magazine subscription

world focus magazine subscription Published this article page no 11 Volatile Security scenario In addition to traditional security threats instability in Afghanistan and Pakistan concerns regarding confrontation between Iran and the United States diminishes reliability and safety required for trade and commerce discouraging investments.Internal dynamics Delineation of borders by communist leadership overlooked many ethnic tribal linguistic geographical and even economic factors. Consequently the postsoviet era saw problems of governance regulation of movement across the borders and many interstate disputes. o The fall in the oil and commodity prices compounded by Western sanctions on Russia has however impacted the economies of the Central Asian countries. Ways to enhance the relationships Deepening engagement India could take the initiative to set up an IndiaCentral Asia Forum Summit on the lines of the IndiaAfrica Forum Summit to discuss issues of mutual concern and to come up with concrete suggestions. o India should also facilitate the setting up of IndiaCentral Asia Think Tank Forum to discuss and debate economics history politics and business at the Track2 level. o In economic realm it is in Indias interest to expeditiously finalise the muchawaited Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between India and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).Revitalizing interaction in cooperation with third countries There is a possibility of India the US and Russia cooperating in areas such as nonconventional sources of energy thus containing the dangers of drug trafficking and other negative activities. o This will go a long way in stabilising the region as well as ensuring the interests of all partners world focus magazine subscription buy.

Wednesday, June 22, 2022

pratiyogita kiran monthly magazine

pratiyogita kiran monthly magazine Published this article page no 04 It is a subcomponent of DAYNRLM (Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana — National Rural Livelihoods Mission). This scheme is being implemented since 2011. Objectives To empower women by making systematic investments to enhance their participation and productivity as also create sustainable livelihoods of rural women. Implementation The program is implemented in project mode through State Rural Livelihoods Mission (SRLM) as Project Implementing Agencies. Need for promotion of women farmer Agriculture support system in India strengthens the exclusion of women from their entitlements as agriculture workers and cultivators. Rural women form the most productive work force in the economy of majority of the developing nations including India. More than 80% of rural women are engaged in agriculture activities for their livelihoods. About 20 per cent of farm livelihoods are female headed due to widowhood desertion or male emigration. Most of the womenheaded households are not able to access extension services farmers support institutions and production assets like seed water credit subsidy etc. As agricultural workers women are paid lower wage than men. The Competition Commission of India has dismissed allegations of predatory pricing against ecommerce platform Shopee. What were the allegations of violation of competition norms against Shopee? Shopee sells various products at extremely low prices with the intention to eliminate competition from small retailers. For example Shopees deep discounting tactics including flash sales of products for Re.1 Rs 9 and Rs 49 were aimed at attracting a large base of customers and consumer preference data which the company could use to its advantage. What is Shopee? Shopee is a Singaporean multinational technology company which focuses mainly on ecommerce. 130 Shopee is owned by SEA Limited which also owns Garena Free Fire a popular mobile game that was among the 54 apps restricted in India pratiyogita kiran monthly magazine buy.

pratiyogita kiran monthly magazine

pratiyogita kiran monthly magazine Published this article page no 03 National Waterway 4 NW4 connects Kakinada to Pondicherry. The NW4 is the second longest waterway of India. Total length of 1095 km in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. National Waterway 5 NW5 connects Odisha to West Bengal. It runs through the stretch on Brahmani River East Coast Canal Matai River and Mahanadi River. The 623 km long canal system handle the traffic of cargo such as coal fertilizer cement and iron. National Waterway 6 NW6 is the proposed waterway in Assam. Developing institutional capabilities for modern DISCOMs. 4. Improvement in the quality reliability and affordability of power supply to consumers through a financially sustainable and operationally efficient distribution sector. Issues with earlier initiatives are as follows Insufficient Monitoring mechanism Due to inadequate metering and data collection system in place utilities have not been able to conduct energy audit which is crucial for any energy business. Accountability and Technology Issues The Schemes could not reduce the high Aggregate Technical & Commercial (AT&C) losses due to high Transmission and Distribution (T&D) losses coupled with low collection efficiency. Low level of collection is attributable to lack of employees accountability inadequate collection facilities limited usage of advanced technology billing errors pratiyogita kiran monthly magazine buy.